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📘 Overview: Convert Pressure Units Easily
Pressure — the force per unit area — is used across science, engineering, meteorology, fluid dynamics, and everyday contexts like tire inflation or blood pressure. This tool allows you to quickly and accurately convert between a wide variety of pressure units, from standard atmospheric pressure to technical and legacy units.
Basic Mode gives you access to commonly used units:
- Pascal (Pa): SI unit, 1 Pa = 1 N/m²
- Atmosphere (atm): Standard air pressure at sea level
- Bar: Metric unit, widely used in meteorology and engineering
- Pound per square inch (psi): Common in the US (e.g. tires)
- Torr / mmHg: Pressure from a millimeter column of mercury
Advanced Mode unlocks rare and technical units like:
- Technical atmosphere (at), barye, inH₂O, ftHg, cmHg, ksi, kgf/mm²
- Historical and scientific units such as pièze, pdl/ft², and μmHg
📐 Formula & Methodology
To convert between any two pressure units, the tool uses Pascal (Pa) as the intermediary:
- Step 1: Multiply your input by the factor that converts the original unit to Pa.
- Step 2: Divide the result by the factor for the target unit.
For example, to convert 1 atm → psi:
1 atm × 101325 Pa → ÷ 6894.757 = 14.6959 psi
🧪 Example Conversions
- 1 atm to psi:
1 × 101325 = 101325 Pa → ÷ 6894.757 = 14.70 psi - 750 mmHg to bar:
750 × 133.322 = 99991.5 Pa → ÷ 100000 = 0.9999 bar - 2 psi to mmH₂O:
2 × 6894.757 = 13789.51 Pa → ÷ 9.80665 = 1406.20 mmH₂O - 500 cmH₂O to inHg:
500 × 98.0665 = 49033.25 Pa → ÷ 3386.389 = 14.48 inHg - 10 kgf/mm² to atm:
10 × 9806650 = 98066500 Pa → ÷ 101325 = 968.93 atm
📊 Sample Conversion Table (→ Pascal)
| Unit | Symbol | Factor (→ Pa) | Definition / Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pascal | Pa | 1 | SI base unit |
| Atmosphere (standard) | atm | 101325 | Standard air pressure |
| Bar | bar | 100000 | Used in weather & industry |
| Pound per square inch | psi | 6894.757 | US customary unit |
| Torr | torr | 133.322 | Medical / lab pressure |
| Millimetre of mercury | mmHg | 133.322 | Medical / lab pressure |
| Atmosphere (technical) | at | 98066.5 | Engineering context |
| Barye (CGS unit) | barye | 0.1 | 1 barye = 0.1 Pa |
| Centimetre of mercury | cmHg | 1333.22 | 1 cmHg = 10 mmHg = 1333.22 Pa |
| Centimetre of water (4 °C) | cmH₂O | 98.0665 | Used in respiration |
| Foot of mercury | ftHg | 40636.7 | 1 ftHg = 12 inHg ≈ 40636.7 Pa |
| Foot of water (39.2 °F) | ftH₂O | 2989.07 | 1 ftH₂O ≈ 2989.07 Pa |
| Inch of mercury | inHg | 3386.389 | Barometric readings |
| Inch of water (39.2 °F) | inH₂O | 249.0889 | 1 inH₂O ≈ 249.0889 Pa |
| Kilogram‐force per square millimetre | kgf/mm² | 9806650 | Structural strength |
| Kip per square inch | ksi | 6894757.29 | High-pressure systems |
| Pound per square foot | psf | 47.8803 | 1 psf = 47.8803 Pa |
| Poundal per square foot | pdl/ft² | 1.48816 | 1 pdl/ft² = 1.48816 Pa |
| Long ton per square foot | tnf/ft² | 107992.86 | 1 long ton/ft² ≈ 1.0799286×10⁵ Pa |
| Short ton per square foot | ton_s/ft² | 95396.21 | 1 short ton/ft² ≈ 9.539621×10⁴ Pa |
| Millimetre of water | mmH₂O | 9.80665 | 1 mmH₂O = 9.80665 Pa |
| Micrometre of mercury | μmHg | 0.133322 | 1 μmHg = 0.133322 Pa |
| Pièze (MTS unit) | pź | 1000 | MTS system (historical) |
💡 Real-World Applications
- 🚗 Car mechanics converting psi to bar for tire inflation
- 🌦 Meteorologists converting inHg to mbar for pressure systems
- 👨🔬 Lab technicians using mmHg or torr in vacuum measurements
- 🩺 Medical professionals converting cmH₂O in ventilator settings
- 🏗 Engineers working with kgf/mm² or ksi for structural analysis
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What’s the difference between atm and at?
atm is the standard atmosphere (101325 Pa), used globally. at (technical atmosphere) is defined as the pressure exerted by 1 kgf/cm² (98,066.5 Pa) — used in some engineering applications.
Are mmHg and torr exactly the same?
Practically yes. Both are about 133.322 Pa. mmHg is based on mercury height; torr is based on 1/760 of an atm. They’re often used interchangeably in medicine and labs.
Why use Pascal (Pa) as the base unit?
It’s the SI (International System of Units) base for pressure. All internal conversions pass through Pa to ensure precision.
How do I convert psi to bar?
Use this shortcut: 1 psi = 0.0689476 bar. Multiply psi × 0.06895 to convert.
What is a barye (Ba)?
A barye is a CGS unit of pressure equal to 0.1 Pa. Rarely used today except in legacy physics texts or scientific literature.
What is a pièze?
The pièze is a metric unit equal to 1000 Pa, used historically in the MTS system (now obsolete).
Is this tool mobile-friendly?
Yes! The converter is fully responsive — with collapsible tables, toggleable modes, and optimized layout for phones and tablets.